VAT calculator (add or remove)

How to use the VAT Calculator (step-by-step)

Add VAT to a net price or remove VAT from a gross price in seconds. Supports standard UK rates (20%, 5%, 0%) and a custom rate.

Quick start

1. Pick a Mode:
   • Add VAT — you have a net price and need the VAT and gross.
   • Remove VAT — you have a gross price and need the VAT and net.
2. Enter the Amount in pounds (e.g. 120 or £120.00). Symbols and commas are OK.
3. Choose a VAT rate:
   • 20% (standard), 5% (reduced) or 0% (zero-rated).
   • Need something else? Select Custom… and type the exact percentage.
4. Click Calculate (or press Enter in the Amount box) to see Net, VAT and Gross with penny rounding.

Add VAT (net → gross)

• Choose Add VAT, enter the net price, pick the rate, then Calculate.
• Formula: VAT = Net × (rate/100)  ·  Gross = Net + VAT
• Example: Net £120 at 20% → VAT £24.00, Gross £144.00.

Remove VAT (gross → net)

• Choose Remove VAT, enter the gross price, pick the rate, then Calculate.
• Formula: Net = Gross ÷ (1 + rate/100)  ·  VAT = Gross − Net
• Example: Gross £240 at 20% → Net £200.00, VAT £40.00.

Real-world examples

• Add Freelance invoice: £79.99 at 20% → VAT £16.00, Gross £95.99.
• Remove Shop receipt: £59.99 (gross) at 20% → Net £49.99, VAT £10.00.
• Reduced £180.00 at 5% → VAT £9.00, Gross £189.00.
• Custom Historic 17.5% on £350 → VAT £61.25, Gross £411.25.

Pro tips

• Rounding: Results round to the nearest penny (two decimals). Totals reconcile cleanly on invoices.
• Quick keyboard: Type amount → pick rate → press Enter to calculate.
• Zero-rated vs exempt: Selecting 0% shows that VAT is £0; exemption treatment can still differ on returns—check HMRC rules if unsure.
• Inclusive prices: If a price is advertised “incl. VAT”, use Remove VAT to get the net.
• Custom rates: Use for special schemes, historic rates, or non-UK VAT. Enter the exact percentage (e.g., 7.7).

Troubleshooting

• “Enter a valid amount.” — Remove letters; use a dot for decimals (e.g., 123.45).
• Wrong numbers? — Check you picked the right Mode (Add vs Remove) and the right rate.
• Custom rate not showing? — Choose Custom… first, then type the percentage.
• No change at 0%? — That’s expected: VAT is £0 and Net = Gross.

Reference formulae (copy-paste)

Add VAT:
  VAT   = Net * (r/100)
  Gross = Net + VAT

Remove VAT:
  Net = Gross / (1 + r/100)
  VAT = Gross - Net
  

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